NUCLEAR RADIATIONS
1. When alpha particles interact with matter, they:
a) Penetrate deeply into the material
b) Lose energy quickly and have a short range
c) Are unaffected by the material
d) Scatter in random directions
2. Protons are particles that carry a positive charge. In terms of their interaction with matter, protons:
a) Lose energy quickly and have a short range
b) Penetrate deeply into the material
c) Are unaffected by the material
d) Scatter in random directions
3. Beta particles are:
a) Positively charged particles
b) Neutrally charged particles
c) Negatively charged particles
d) Neutrons
4. Gamma rays are:
a) Particles with a positive charge
b) Particles with a negative charge
c) Particles with no charge
d) High-energy electromagnetic waves
5. Neutrons have:
a) A positive charge
b) A negative charge
c) No charge
d) Both positive and negative charges
6. The Wilson cloud chamber is used to:
a) Detect alpha particles
b) Detect beta particles
c) Detect gamma rays
d) Visualize the paths of charged particles
7. A Geiger counter is a device used to:
a) Detect alpha particles
b) Detect beta particles
c) Detect gamma rays
d) Measure radiation exposure
8. Solid-state detectors are commonly used to detect:
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons
9. Radiation exposure refers to:
a) The amount of radiation emitted by a radioactive source
b) The amount of radiation absorbed by a material
c) The amount of radiation a person receives
d) The amount of radiation reflected by a surface
10. Radiation damage to living tissue can result from:
a) Ionization of atoms and molecules
b) Thermal effects of radiation
c) Chemical changes induced by radiation
d) All of the above
11. The effects of radiation damage on living cells include:
a) DNA mutations
b) Cell death
c) Cancer development
d) All of the above
12. Biological and medical uses of radiation include:
a) Radiation therapy for cancer treatment
b) X-ray imaging for medical diagnostics
c) Radioisotope tracing in biological research
d) All of the above
13. Radiation therapy is a treatment for cancer that involves:
a) Using radioactive materials to destroy cancer cells
b) Administering high doses of gamma rays to the tumor
c) Surgical removal of the tumor
d) Chemotherapy with radiation-sensitive drugs
14. Radiography is a technique that uses radiation to:
a) Image the interior of objects or materials
b) Treat cancerous tumors
c) Measure radiation exposure
d) Sterilize medical equipment
15. The process of using radiation to induce chemical reactions is called:
a) Radiosynthesis
b) Radiolysis
c) Radioimmunoassay
d) Radiography
16. Cosmic rays are:
a) High-energy particles from outer space
b) Radioactive emissions from the Earth's core
c) Artificially generated radiation
d) Ionizing radiation produced by nuclear reactors
17. Polymerization can be induced by:
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons
18. Sterilization and food preservation can be achieved by using:
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons
19. Gauging and control using radiation is commonly employed in industries such as:
a) Oil and gas
b) Nuclear power
c) Food processing
d) All of the above
20. Radiography is used in archaeology to:
a) Detect underground water sources
b) Image the structure of ancient artifacts
c) Date fossils and ancient remains
d) Analyze chemical composition of rocks
21. Activation analysis is a technique that utilizes radiation to:
a) Determine the age of archaeological artifacts
b) Measure the amount of radiation exposure
c) Detect trace elements in materials
d) Produce energy in nuclear reactors
22. The process of using radiation for sterilization purposes is known as:
a) Radiotherapy
b) Radiosynthesis
c) Radiolysis
d) Irradiation
23. Which of the following is a medical application of radiation?
a) MRI scans
b) Laser surgery
c) Blood transfusion
d) Ultrasound imaging
24. Radiation therapy is primarily used to:
a) Diagnose diseases
b) Treat infections
c) Treat cancer
d) Promote wound healing
25. Radioisotopes are often used in medical diagnostics to:
a) Destroy cancer cells
b) Create images of internal organs
c) Monitor heart rate
d) Treat bacterial infections
26. What is the most common type of radiation used in medical imaging?
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons
27. Which of the following radiation techniques is commonly used in cancer treatment?
a) Wilson cloud chamber
b) Geiger counter
c) Solid-state detectors
d) Radiation therapy
28. The process of using radiation to treat cancer involves:
a) Surgical removal of the tumor
b) Administering chemotherapy drugs
c) Targeting and destroying cancer cells with radiation
d) Prescribing pain medication for cancer patients
29. Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy where radioactive sources are placed:
a) Inside or near the tumor
b) Outside the patient's body
c) In the bloodstream
d) In the lymph nodes
30. Which of the following is a side effect of radiation therapy?
a) Increased energy levels
b) Enhanced immune system
c) Skin irritation and fatigue
d) Improved appetite
31. In radiation therapy, a linear accelerator is used to:
a) Produce gamma rays
b) Measure radiation dosage
c) Deliver targeted radiation to the tumor
d) Detect radioactive materials
32. Radiation techniques are also used in other fields, such as:
i) Chemical reactions induced by radiations
ii) Radio processes in space, the cosmic rays
iii) Uses of radiations (polymerization, sterilization, food preservation, gauging and control, radiography, radiation methods in archaeology, activation analysis)
a) i) and ii) only
b) ii) and iii) only
c) i) and iii) only
d) i), ii), and iii)
33. The study and analysis of chemical reactions induced by radiation is known as:
a) Radiobiology
b) Radiation chemistry
c) Radiopharmaceuticals
d) Radiosynthesis
34. Cosmic rays are:
a) High-energy particles from outer space
b) Radioactive emissions from the Earth's core
c) Artificially generated radiation
d) Ionizing radiation produced by nuclear reactors
35. The technique of using radiation to induce polymerization is commonly employed in the production of:
a) Plastics
b) Metals
c) Glass
d) Ceramics
36. In the context of radiation, sterilization is primarily used to:
a) Remove bacteria from food products
b) Clean medical equipment
c) Preserve perishable items
d) Enhance the taste of beverages
37. The process of using radiation to control and measure the thickness of materials is called:
a) Radiography
b) Radiosynthesis
c) Radiation gauging
d) Radioactive tracing
38. Radiography is commonly used in which of the following fields?
a) Medicine
b) Geology
c) Engineering
d) All of the above
39. Activation analysis is a technique that utilizes radiation to:
a) Determine the age of archaeological artifacts
b) Measure the amount of radiation exposure
c) Detect trace elements in materials
d) Produce energy in nuclear reactors
40. The process of using radiation to determine the composition of materials by analyzing the radiation emitted is called:
a) Radiosynthesis
b) Radiolysis
c) Radiography
d) Activation analysis
ANSWER KEY:
1. b) Lose energy quickly and have a short range
2. a) Lose energy quickly and have a short range
3. c) Negatively charged particles
4. d) High-energy electromagnetic waves
5. c) No charge
6. d) Visualize the paths of charged particles
7. c) Detect gamma rays
8. d) Neutrons
9. c) The amount of radiation a person receives
10. d) All of the above
11. d) All of the above
12. d) All of the above
13. a) Using radioactive materials to destroy cancer cells
14. a) Image the interior of objects or materials
15. b) Radiolysis
16. a) High-energy particles from outer space
17. c) Gamma rays
18. c) Gamma rays
19. d) All of the above
20. b) Image the structure of ancient artifacts
21. c) Detect trace elements in materials
22. d) Irradiation
23. b) X-ray imaging for medical diagnostics
24. c) Treat cancer
25. b) Create images of internal organs
26. c) Gamma rays
27. d) Radiation therapy
28. c) Targeting and destroying cancer cells with radiation
29. a) Inside or near the tumor
30. c) Skin irritation and fatigue
31. c) Deliver targeted radiation to the tumor
32. d) i), ii), and iii)
33. b) Radiation chemistry
34. a) High-energy particles from outer space
35. a) Plastics
36. b) Clean medical equipment
37. c) Radiation gauging
38. d) All of the above
39. c) Detect trace elements in materials
40. d) Activation analysis
