WAVE MOTION AND SOUND
1. Which of the following best defines vibratory motion?
- a) Motion in a straight line at a constant speed.
- b) Motion in a circular path with a varying speed.
- c) Back-and-forth motion about a stable equilibrium position.
- d) Random motion with no defined pattern.
2. Which of the following quantities is NOT associated with vibratory motion?
- a) Amplitude.
- b) Frequency.
- c) Velocity.
- d) Weight.
3. Hooke's Law states that the force exerted by a spring is proportional to which of the following?
- a) Displacement from the equilibrium position.
- b) Mass of the object attached to the spring.
- c) Length of the spring.
- d) Velocity of the object attached to the spring.
4. The constant of proportionality in Hooke's Law is known as:
- a) Elastic modulus.
- b) Tensile strength.
- c) Hooke's constant.
- d) Spring constant.
5. According to Hooke's Law, if the applied force on a spring is doubled, what happens to the displacement of the spring?
- a) It doubles.
- b) It halves.
- c) It remains the same.
- d) It quadruples.
6. Hooke's Law is applicable to which of the following types of materials?
- a) Only metals.
- b) Only liquids.
- c) Only gases.
- d) Elastic materials.
7. Hooke's Law is commonly used to describe the behavior of springs in which of the following devices?
- a) Clocks.
- b) Electric circuits.
- c) Engines.
- d) Optical instruments.
8. A spring with a spring constant of 50 N/m is stretched by a force of 20 N. What is the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position?
- a) 0.4 m
- b) 0.2 m
- c) 2 m
- d) 4 m
9. A spring is compressed by 10 cm from its equilibrium position. If the spring constant is 100 N/m, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by the spring?
- a) 10 N
- b) 100 N
- c) 1000 N
- d) 10000 N
10. Which of the following quantities remains constant throughout the motion of an object in SHM?
- a) Displacement
- b) Velocity
- c) Acceleration
- d) Total mechanical energy
11. The time period of a pendulum undergoing small amplitude oscillations depends on which of the following factors?
- a) Mass of the pendulum bob
- b) Length of the pendulum
- c) Amplitude of oscillation
- d) All of the above
12. The restoring force in SHM is directly proportional to:
- a) Displacement from the equilibrium position
- b) Velocity of the object
- c) Acceleration of the object
- d) None of the above
13. In SHM, the displacement of an object is maximum at:
- a) The equilibrium position
- b) The extreme position
- c) Halfway between the equilibrium and extreme positions
- d) None of the above
14. The frequency of an object undergoing SHM is measured in:
- a) Hertz (Hz)
- b) Newtons (N)
- c) Joules (J)
- d) Meters per second (m/s)
15. The equation for simple harmonic motion is given by x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ), where A represents the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, t is the time, and φ is the phase constant. What is the period (T) of the motion?
- a) T = 2π/ω
- b) T = π/ω
- c) T = 2πA/ω
- d) T = 2π/φ
16. A simple harmonic oscillator has a period of 4 seconds. What is its frequency (f) in hertz?
- a) f = 1/4 Hz
- b) f = 4 Hz
- c) f = 1/8 Hz
- d) f = 8 Hz
17. An object undergoes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.1 meters and a period of 2 seconds. What is the maximum displacement (x_max) of the object?
- a) x_max = 0.1 meters
- b) x_max = 0.2 meters
- c) x_max = 0.4 meters
- d) x_max = 0.8 meters
18. The angular frequency of a simple harmonic oscillator is 5 rad/s, and its amplitude is 0.2 meters. What is the maximum velocity (v_max) of the oscillator?
- a) v_max = 1 m/s
- b) v_max = 2 m/s
- c) v_max = 5 m/s
- d) v_max = 10 m/s
19. The displacement of an object undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x(t) = 0.2 sin(3t). What is the angular frequency (ω) of the motion?
- a) ω = 0.2 rad/s
- b) ω = 3 rad/s
- c) ω = 0.6 rad/s
- d) ω = 6 rad/s
20. Which of the following factors does not affect the energy of a particle executing Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)?
- a) Amplitude
- b) Mass of the particle
- c) Frequency of oscillation
- d) Damping coefficient
21. In SHM, where does the particle possess maximum kinetic energy?
- a) At the extreme positions (amplitude)
- b) At the equilibrium position
- c) At one-fourth of the amplitude
- d) At three-fourths of the amplitude
22. Which of the following statements regarding the total energy of a particle in SHM is correct?
- a) Total energy remains constant throughout the motion.
- b) Total energy decreases as the amplitude increases.
- c) Total energy increases with increasing frequency.
- d) Total energy is inversely proportional to the mass of the particle.
23. Which factor does not affect the period of a simple pendulum?
- a) Length of the pendulum
- b) Mass of the pendulum bob
- c) Amplitude of the pendulum swing
- d) Gravitational acceleration
24. What happens to the period of a simple pendulum if the length is doubled?
- a) The period is halved
- b) The period is doubled
- c) The period remains the same
- d) The period increases by a factor of √2
25. The period (T) of a simple pendulum is given by the formula:
T = 2Ï€√(L/g)
where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. If the length of a pendulum is halved while keeping the acceleration due to gravity constant, how does the period change?
- a) The period is halved
- b) The period is doubled
- c) The period is quadrupled
- d) The period remains the same
26. A simple pendulum has a length of 1.5 meters. If the period of the pendulum is 2 seconds, what is the acceleration due to gravity (g) at that location?
- a) 9.8 m/s^2
- b) 6.4 m/s^2
- c) 3.92 m/s^2
- d) 2.45 m/s^2
27. A simple pendulum with a length of 2 meters has a period of 4 seconds. What will be the period of the pendulum if the length is increased to 4 meters?
- a) 8 seconds
- b) 6 seconds
- c) 4 seconds
- d) 2 seconds
28. Which of the following best describes the generation of a wave pulse?
- a) The transfer of energy through a medium
- b) The creation of a single disturbance that travels through a medium
- c) The interference of two waves in opposite directions
- d) The reflection of a wave at a boundary
29. A wave that moves perpendicular to the direction of its propagation is called a:
- a) Longitudinal wave
- b) Transverse wave
- c) Standing wave
- d) Sine wave
30. The mathematical representation of a traveling wave can be described using:
- a) Fourier series
- b) Taylor series
- c) Laplace transform
- d) Power series
31. Which of the following is an example of a transverse wave?
- a) Sound wave
- b) Water wave
- c) Seismic wave
- d) Light wave
32. A ripple tank is used to demonstrate:
- a) Standing waves
- b) Transverse waves
- c) Longitudinal waves
- d) Surface tension
33. What is the term used to describe a wave that appears to be stationary?
- a) Traveling wave
- b) Transverse wave
- c) Standing wave
- d) Longitudinal wave
34. The lowest frequency at which a standing wave can exist is called the:
- a) Harmonic frequency
- b) Resonant frequency
- c) Fundamental frequency
- d) Overtone frequency
35. A sonometer is an instrument used to measure:
- a) Sound intensity
- b) Sound frequency
- c) Light intensity
- d) Light frequency
36. Which type of wave requires a medium to propagate?
- a) Longitudinal waves
- b) Transverse waves
- c) Standing waves
- d) Electromagnetic waves
37. The speed of sound waves depends on:
- a) Amplitude
- b) Wavelength
- c) Frequency
- d) Medium
38. Laplace's correction is applied to correct the measured speed of sound in:
- a) Gases
- b) Liquids
- c) Solids
- d) Vacuum
39. Musical sound is characterized by its:
- a) Intensity
- b) Pitch
- c) Quality
- d) All of the above
40. Which of the following terms describes the subjective perception of the frequency of a sound wave?
- a) Intensity
- b) Pitch
- c) Quality
- d) Harmonics
41. Superposition of sound waves leads to:
- a) Interference
- b) Diffraction
- c) Refraction
- d) Reflection
42. The study of sound, particularly its production, transmission, and effects, is known as:
- a) Optics
- b) Acoustics
- c) Thermodynamics
- d) Electromagnetism
43. The Doppler effect is observed when there is a change in:
- a) Sound intensity
- b) Sound frequency
- c) Sound quality
- d) Sound velocity
44. Which of the following phenomena explains the change in pitch of a siren as it passes by?
- a) Refraction
- b) Diffraction
- c) Interference
- d) Doppler effect
45. In acoustics, the term "harmonics" refers to:
- a) Musical instruments
- b) Overtones
- c) Noise
- d) Resonance
46. When two sound waves of the same frequency and amplitude interfere constructively, the resulting sound is:
- a) Louder
- b) Softer
- c) Inaudible
- d) Out of phase
47. The unit of sound intensity is:
- a) Decibel
- b) Hertz
- c) Watt
- d) Pascal
48. The pitch of a sound is determined by its:
- a) Amplitude
- b) Frequency
- c) Wavelength
- d) Speed
49. Which of the following is a characteristic of musical sound?
- a) Periodic waveform
- b) White noise
- c) Incoherent frequencies
- d) Unpredictable amplitude
50. The quality of a sound is determined by its:
- a) Frequency
- b) Amplitude
- c) Harmonics
- d) Wavelength
51. The human ear is most sensitive to sounds in the frequency range of:
- a) 1 Hz to 10 Hz
- b) 10 Hz to 100 Hz
- c) 100 Hz to 1000 Hz
- d) 1000 Hz to 10000 Hz
52. The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves meet, their amplitudes:
- a) Add up
- b) Subtract
- c) Remain unchanged
- d) Double
53. The phenomenon of the bending of sound waves around obstacles is known as:
- a) Diffraction
- b) Reflection
- c) Refraction
- d) Interference
54. The reflection of sound waves is used in which of the following techniques?
- a) Echolocation
- b) Sonar
- c) Radar
- d) Seismology
55. The speed of sound in air is approximately:
- a) 343 m/s
- b) 1000 m/s
- c) 1500 m/s
- d) 300,000,000 m/s
56. Which of the following materials would allow sound waves to travel the fastest?
- a) Air
- b) Water
- c) Steel
- d) Vacuum
57. The speed of sound in a medium depends on its:
- a) Temperature
- b) Pressure
- c) Density
- d) All of the above
58. The correction factor applied to the measured length of a vibrating string to account for the diameter of the string is known as:
- a) Laplace's correction
- b) Doppler correction
- c) Fourier correction
- d) Newton's correction
59. What is the characteristic of musical sound related to the amplitude of the sound waves?
- a) Intensity
- b) Pitch
- c) Quality
- d) Harmonics
60. The term "intensity" refers to the:
- a) Loudness of a sound
- b) Frequency of a sound
- c) Timbre of a sound
- d) Speed of a sound
61. The unit of intensity is:
- a) Decibel
- b) Hertz
- c) Watt
- d) Pascal
62. The Doppler effect is observed when there is relative motion between a sound source and a:
- a) Stationary observer
- b) Moving observer
- c) Stationary medium
- d) Moving medium
ANSWER KEY:
- c) Back-and-forth motion about a stable equilibrium position.
- d) Weight.
- a) Displacement from the equilibrium position.
- d) Spring constant.
- c) It remains the same.
- d) Elastic materials.
- a) Clocks.
- b) 0.2 m
- b) 100 N
- d) Total mechanical energy
- b) Length of the pendulum
- a) Displacement from the equilibrium position
- b) The extreme position
- a) Hertz (Hz)
- a) T = 2π/ω
- a) f = 1/4 Hz
- a) x_max = 0.1 meters
- c) v_max = 5 m/s
- b) ω = 3 rad/s
- d) Damping coefficient
- a) At the extreme positions (amplitude)
- a) Total energy remains constant throughout the motion.
- b) Mass of the pendulum bob
- c) The period remains the same
- a) The period is halved
- c) 3.92 m/s^2
- a) 8 seconds
- b) The creation of a single disturbance that travels through a medium
- b) Transverse wave
- a) Fourier series
- b) Water wave
- b) Transverse waves
- c) Standing wave
- c) Fundamental frequency
- b) Sound frequency
- a) Longitudinal waves
- d) Medium
- a) Gases
- d) All of the above
- b) Pitch
- a) Interference
- b) Acoustics
- b) Sound frequency
- d) Doppler effect
- b) Overtones
- a) Louder
- a) Decibel
- b) Frequency
- a) Periodic waveform
- c) Harmonics
- c) 100 Hz to 1000 Hz
- a) Add up
- a) Diffraction
- b) Sonar
- a) 343 m/s
- d) Vacuum
- d) All of the above
- a) Laplace's correction
- a) Intensity
- a) Loudness of a sound
- a) Decibel
- b) Moving observer
